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Credit to Author: Brian Barrett| Date: Sun, 04 Aug 2019 22:40:22 +0000<\/strong><\/p>\n Less than 20 <\/span>minutes before a mass shooting in El Paso<\/a> that left 20 people dead and dozens more wounded, the alleged gunman appears to have published a manifesto on 8chan, the notorious internet forum. If verified, it will be the third such document to accompany a mass shooting since March.<\/p>\n Previously, manifestos were published by the alleged Christchurch shooter<\/a>, who killed 51 people at two mosques in New Zealand in March, and the gunman who opened fire and killed one person at a synagogue in Poway, California, in April. They, too, used 8chan to deliver their epistles of hate. Both times, and now again with El Paso, extremism researchers have pleaded the same case: Don\u2019t amplify the message.<\/p>\n It\u2019s a surprisingly difficult ask. Being able to ascribe a motive lends some semblance of order to a senseless act of violence, especially in a weekend that saw further mass shootings in Dayton, Ohio<\/a>, and Chicago, Illinois<\/a>. And 8chan\u2019s role in hosting the Christchurch, Poway, and El Paso manifestos makes it deserving of scrutiny, as does the apparent \u201cgamification\u201d of shootings the message board foments, as independent investigative outlet Bellingcat has so lucidly laid out<\/a>. Yet the more oxygen these manifestos get, the wider their messages spread. And no one understands that better than the alleged shooters themselves.<\/p>\n \u201cThose manifestos are specifically designed to be objects of media manipulation,\u201d says Whitney Phillips, who researches troll culture and online extremism at Syracuse University. \u201cThey\u2019re written and publicized in a way to generate the maximum amount of journalistic coverage.\u201d<\/p>\n "It isn\u2019t information that is sincerely offered. It is manipulation that is deliberately forwarded."<\/p>\n Whitney Phillips, Syracuse University<\/p>\n At the same time, it seems difficult to outright ignore these postings, especially when some politicians attempt to fill that void by blaming videogames<\/a> rather than racist extremism. (Scientific research has shown that videogames and violence are not linked<\/a>.) The alleged El Paso shooter\u2019s words have also drawn attention for apparent parallels to the broader anti-immigrant rhetoric espoused by some corners of the GOP, including the White House. Besides, to confront this ongoing horror it surely helps to better understand it.<\/p>\n Fair enough. But in engaging with texts like this, extremism experts advocate for \u201cstrategic silence\u201d rather than a detailed accounting. Report on the manifesto\u2019s existence, sure, and on its role in recruitment. In doing so, though, be sure to think about whom the coverage benefits.<\/p>\n \u201cDo we really need to break down the specifics of the manifesto to understand that the action was motivated by violent hatred?\u201d Phillips asks. \u201cIf you quote the manifesto verbatim, that\u2019s going to frame the conversation in their terms. It\u2019s going to go along with their game. They become the center of the universe, and everyone else revolves around them.\u201d<\/p>\n That\u2019s especially important given that these missives are largely performative, written with the understanding that the media and law enforcement will find them, pore over them, and share their contents either in summary or in full. They\u2019re designed to exploit the hunger of the press and the public to find meaning, and engineered to give their authors maximum virality. There\u2019s inherent danger in covering them at all, and even more so at face value.<\/p>\n \u201cIt\u2019s not a good-faith document. It isn\u2019t information that is sincerely offered. It is manipulation that is deliberately forwarded in the hopes that journalists will report it verbatim, will dissect it for days and weeks and months and years,\u201d says Phillips. \u201cThere\u2019s an awareness of the audience, and that should make us very, very suspicious of anything that\u2019s in those documents.\u201d<\/p>\n It\u2019s not that the alleged shooters are insincere in their hatred. But the contours of that hate are irrelevant, Phillips argues, and often for show.<\/p>\n Those cautions apply not only to the media, of course, but also to anyone who encounters these postings. The best practices for how to approach them apply broadly as well.<\/p>\n Just last month, Harvard University\u2019s Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy published a series of tips<\/a> for journalists covering white supremacy and far-right extremists. The key suggestions should sound familiar by now: Don\u2019t let white supremacists describe themselves in their own terms, and always paraphrase the words of far-right extremists rather than quote directly.<\/p>\n \u201cMembers of these groups often use code words or numbers in their remarks to signal their ideology to other extremists,\u201d wrote Denise-Marie Ordway, who compiled the list with input from Joan Donovan and Jessie Daniels, two white supremacy and extremism researchers. \u201cReporters who don\u2019t recognize this coded language might unknowingly include it in their coverage.\u201d Also: Don\u2019t link to a manifesto directly, or the site from which it originated.<\/p>\n Already there are signs that the media has gotten more savvy. While several news sites have quoted the manifesto verbatim, they have done so in brief snippets. Very few outlets seem to have linked to it directly.<\/p>\n \u201cIf this occurred 2 years ago, I would be begging reporters not to interview white supremacists to validate and verify this manifesto,\u201d Donovan wrote<\/a> on Twitter Sunday. \u201cToday, I don\u2019t see that happening and we are much better off for it."<\/p>\n There\u2019s no clear answer to the question of balance, of how much information to disseminate, of when silence is no longer strategic. It\u2019s never been more urgent to find one. \u201cIf it is the case that light disinfects, then it would be or should be the case that after one of these stories, and we dissect everything, there shouldn\u2019t be another one,\u201d Phillips says. \u201cBut there always is.\u201d<\/p>\n