{"id":21878,"date":"2023-05-01T05:19:43","date_gmt":"2023-05-01T13:19:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.palada.net\/index.php\/2023\/05\/01\/news-15609\/"},"modified":"2023-05-01T05:19:43","modified_gmt":"2023-05-01T13:19:43","slug":"news-15609","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.palada.net\/index.php\/2023\/05\/01\/news-15609\/","title":{"rendered":"As Europeans strike first to rein in AI, the US follows"},"content":{"rendered":"

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A proposed set of rules by the European Union<\/a> would, among other things. require makers of generative AI tools such as ChatGPT,to publicize any copyrighted material used by the technology platforms to create content of any kind.<\/p>\n

A new draft of European Parliament’s legislation, a copy\u00a0of which<\/a>\u00a0was attained by The Wall Street Journal<\/em>, would allow the original creators of content used by generative AI applications to share in any profits that result.<\/p>\n

The European Union\u2019s \u201cArtificial Intelligence Act<\/a>\u201d (AI Act) is the first of its kind by a western set of nations. The proposed legislation relies heavily on existing rules, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the Digital Services Act, and the Digital Markets Act. The AI Act was originally proposed by the European Commission in April 2021.<\/p>\n

The bill\u2019s provisions also require that the large language models (LLMs) behind generative AI tech, such as the GPT-4, be designed with adequate safeguards against generating content that violates EU laws; that could include child pornography or, in some EU countries, denial of the Holocaust, according to The Washington Post<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Violations of the AI Act could carry fines of up to 30 million euros or 6% of global profits, whichever is higher.<\/p>\n

\u201cFor a company like Microsoft, which is backing ChatGPT creator OpenAI, it could mean a fine of over $10 billion if found violating the rules,\u201d a Reuters report\u00a0said<\/a>.<\/p>\n

But the solution to keeping AI honest isn’t easy, according to Avivah\u00a0Litan, a vice president and distinguished analyst at Gartner Research. It\u2019s likely that LLM creators, such as San Fransisco-based OpenAI and others, will need to develop powerful LLMs to check that the ones trained initially have no copyrighted materials. Rules-based systems to filter out copyright materials are likely to be ineffective, Liten said.<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, the EU is busy refining its AI Act and taking a world-leading approach, Litan said, in creating rules that govern the fair and risk-managed use of AI going forward.<\/p>\n

Regulators should consider that\u00a0LLMs are effectively operating as a black box, she said, and it’s unlikely that the algorithms will provide organizations with the needed transparency to conduct the requisite privacy impact assessment. “This must be addressed,” Litan said.<\/p>\n

“It\u2019s interesting to note that at one point the AI Act was going to exclude oversight of Generative AI models, but they were included later,\u201d Litan said\u00a0 \u201cRegulators generally want to move carefully and methodically so that they don\u2019t stifle innovation and so that they create long-lasting rules that help achieve the goals of protecting societies without being overly prescriptive in the means.\u201d<\/p>\n

On April 1, Italy became the first Western nation to ban further development of ChatGPT over privacy concerns; that occurred after the natural language processing app experienced a data breach involving user conversations and payment information. ChatGPT is the popular chatbot created by OpenAI and backed by billions of dollars from Microsoft.<\/p>\n

Earlier this month, the US and Chinese governments issued announcements<\/a> related to\u00a0regulations for AI development, something neither country has established to date.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe US and the EU are aligned in concepts when it comes to wanting to achieve trustworthy, transparent, and fair AI, but their approaches have been very different,\u201d Litan said.<\/p>\n

So far, the US has taken what Litan called a \u201cvery distributed approach to AI risk management,\u201d and it has yet to create new regulations or regulatory infrastructure.\u00a0 The US has focused on guidelines and an AI Risk Management framework.<\/p>\n

In January, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) released the\u00a0Artificial Intelligence Management Framework<\/a><\/em>. In February, the White House issued an Executive Order<\/a> directing federal agencies to ensure their use of AI advances equity and civil rights.\u00a0<\/p>\n

The US Congress is considering the federal\u00a0Algorithmic Accountability Act<\/a>, which, if passed, would require employers to perform an impact assessment of any automated decision-making system that has a significant effect on an individual’s access to, terms, or availability of employment.\u00a0<\/p>\n

The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), a branch of the US Department of Commerce, also issued a\u00a0public request for comment<\/a>\u00a0on what policies would best hold AI systems accountable.<\/p>\n

States and municipalities are getting into the act, too,\u00a0eyeing local restrictions<\/a> on the use of AI-based bots to find, screen, interview, and hire job candidates because of privacy and bias issues. Some states have already put laws on the books.<\/p>\n

Microsoft<\/a> and Google owner Alphabet have been in a race to bring generative AI chatbots to businesses and consumers. The most advanced generative AI engines can create their own content based on user prompts or input. So, for example, AI can be tasked with creating marketing or ad campaigns, writing essays, and generating realistic photo imagery and videos.<\/p>\n

Key to the EU\u2019s AI Act is a\u00a0classification system<\/a>\u00a0that determines the level of risk an AI technology could pose to the health and safety or fundamental rights of a person. The framework includes four risk tiers: unacceptable, high, limited, and minimal, according to the World Economic Forum<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Issues around generative AI platforms that regulators should be mindful of, according to Gartner, include:<\/p>\n

Launched by OpenAI in November, ChatGPT immediately went viral and had\u00a01 million users<\/a>\u00a0in just its first five days because of the sophisticated way it generates in-depth, human-like responses to queries. The ChatGPT website currently receives an estimated\u00a01 billion\u00a0monthly website visitors with an\u00a0estimated\u00a0100 million\u00a0active users, according to website test company Tooltester<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Though the chatbot\u2019s responses may appear human-like, ChatGPT isn’t sentient \u2014 it\u2019s a next-word prediction engine, according Dan Diasio, Ernst & Young global artificial intelligence consulting leader. With that in mind, he urged caution in its use.<\/p>\n

But as AI technology advances at breakneck speed, a more sophisticated algorithm is predicted to be on the horizon: artificial general intelligence<\/a>, which could think for itself and become exponentially smarter over time.<\/p>\n

Earlier this month, an open letter<\/a> from thousands of tech luminaries called for a halt to the development of generative AI technology out of concern that the ability to control it could be lost if it advances too far. The letter has garnered more than 27,000 signatories, including Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak. The letter<\/a>, published by the Future of Life Institute, called out San Francisco-based OpenAI Lab\u2019s recently announced\u00a0GPT-4 algorithm<\/a>\u00a0in particular, saying the company should halt further development until oversight standards are in place.<\/p>\n

While AI has been around for decades, it has \u201creached new capacities fueled by computing power,\u201d Thierry Breton, the EU\u2019s Commissioner for Internal Market, said in a\u00a0statement\u00a0in 2021<\/a>. The Artificial Intelligence Act, he said, was created to ensure that \u201cAI in Europe respects our values and rules, and harness the potential of AI for industrial use.\u201d<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.computerworld.com\/category\/security\/index.rss<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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A proposed set of rules by the European Union<\/a> would, among other things. require makers of generative AI tools such as ChatGPT,to publicize any copyrighted material used by the technology platforms to create content of any kind.<\/p>\n

A new draft of European Parliament’s legislation, a copy\u00a0of which<\/a>\u00a0was attained by The Wall Street Journal<\/em>, would allow the original creators of content used by generative AI applications to share in any profits that result.<\/p>\n

To read this article in full, please click here<\/a><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[11062,10643],"tags":[11113,13431,11070,5897],"class_list":["post-21878","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-computerworld","category-independent","tag-artificial-intelligence","tag-chatbots","tag-emerging-technology","tag-privacy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.palada.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21878","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.palada.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.palada.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.palada.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.palada.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21878"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.palada.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21878\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.palada.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21878"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.palada.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21878"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.palada.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21878"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}